Back on Long Island, when my boys were about two and three, I remember an autumn day at the library. The kids section at the Sachem Public Library was fantastic, someplace I enjoyed bringing them to play and look for books.
That day as I perused the books set out for display on top of the chest-high shelves, I spotted a book about Halloween traditions. It was obviously an older book - the binding and colors showing it's age. Thinking back now, I'm pretty sure it was from the 1960s. Anything that I could find that would help me teach my children about Halloween and the Celtic holiday of Samhain, of which Halloween was born of, was right up my alley.
Yet it only took me a few moments to feel my brow furrow. Very early in the book I came across a section informing the reader that there was a Celtic god of Death named Samhain. According to the author the ancient Celtics worshipped this deity and the holiday got it's name from him.
By this time I had been a practicing witch for 10 years. Never, ever, had I come across this before. It wasn't as if I was learning new information. I knew it was bogus. There is no Celtic Death God named Samhain. It didn't even break down the name into the "summer's end" translation.
A little jaunt of Google searching this phrase "Samhain Celtic God of Death" will turn up articles saying, basically, "yeah... no", but you will also turn up gems like this which are very reminiscent of the book.
Samhain was known in Ireland as the "Lord of Darkness". The Druid religion was practiced by ancient Celtic tribes that populated Ireland and parts of Europe. This religion worshipped Samhain, the Lord of Darkness. Some writings also speak of Samhain as the "Lord of the Dead". But, today's scholars suggest that this is incorrect....
The Druid religion, dating back to about 200 BC, had priests and priestesses. These magicians (soothsayers or wizards) filled the most important roles in Celtic culture. At the time the Celtic tribes were close to nature. As a result, they worshipped many things in nature as their gods. No Druid god was more powerful ,nor more feared, than Lord Samhain. The roots of Halloween are traced back to the Druid religion and Lord Samhain."
via GIPHY
I'm not linking the holidayinsights site (a Yahoo site that looks like it was created in 1999) as it is not secure, but it kills me that while the person who wrote this states "but today's scholars suggest that this is incorrect," they still go on with the rest of it. I guess doing a bit of research on what scholars actually say was a bit too much work?
That brings me back to my day at the library. There was even more errors in the book (yes, I stood there and read the whole thing). The specifics I can't now remember, but that Samhain Death God is permanently etched in my memory. Was I supposed to put it back on the shelf? I pictured a kid using it for a school assignment... and I was soon headed to the Children's Services Desk to take up the issue. Because I'm that Mom and that Witch.
Fast forward to Social Media. Over the years I've seen some real doozies put into meme format. From claiming the Babylonian Ishtar is why the Christian holiday of Easter is named as it is to Horus/Heru the Egyptian God, son of Isis/ Aset and Osiris/Ausar, having twelve disciples and being born on December 25th. We all know the "Saint Patrick drove the snakes out of Ireland and that represents Pagans" story. Folx. Please. Listen to the Irish scholars and practicing Pagans and Witches from there. Please and stop perpetuating this.
The other day, I once again saw someone share a meme littered with issues.
While the sentiment is really sweet, there's info here that's simply not the case. Let's take a little journey through this one, shall we?
Just like there is no Celtic Death God named Lord Samhain, there is no Scandinavian fertility god named Yule
Yule comes from the word Jól, sometimes seen as Jul, and the holiday Jólablót. It is celebrated for 12 days starting the night before the Winter Solstice on what is called Modraniht, or Mother's Night. Having been in a Asatru Kindred for a bunch of years, we took deep dives into sagas, mythology, magic, Seidr and while we came across many gods and goddesses, including a god named Freyr, one of the Vanir and brother to Freyja who fertility was one of his areas of expertise, there never did pop up a god named Yule.
With so many Norse deities that play into this time of year, like Odin, Hodr, Frigga or even a figure like Frau Holle, I don't know why the creator of this meme chose to name this "god" Yule. Maybe they had a book like that one I found at the library.
Since when did Wiccans invent the wreath or originate decking the halls?
Wreaths date back to ancient Greece and Rome. Wicca dates back to 1930s, 1940s.
Decking the halls with holly? They did that in ancient Greece and Rome, as well as pre- Roman Britain. I even found that the ancient Chinese use their native holly species in decorations for New Year's festivals in February. So, there's a little head scratcher.
Druids weren't kissing under the mistletoe
I mean, I'm sure many of my Druid friends do so today, but as for the origins of this? Let's follow this back.
Since ancient times, mistletoe was used by Greeks and Romans in various medicines and tonics due to it's healing properties. From menstrual cramps and epilepsy to ulcers and poisons*, they were using it in medicines. As for the Druids, here's where the romantic edge peeks in. Mistletoe blooms when all other things are frozen. Therefore it speaks to vivacity and it was given to both animals and humans to increase fertility.
Mistletoe plays an important role in a Norse myth in the death of Baldur, the son of Odin and Frigga. When it was prophesized that Baldur was to die, his mother made every living thing promise not to harm him. Unfortunately, she missed the mistletoe. Loki gets involved and well... Baldur eventually does die when a sprig of mistletoe is thrown at him. Later myths speak to his returning life, and since Baldur was beloved and beautiful and bright, I can see a Solstice connection possibly being there.
It seems the kissing thing started in England in about the 18th century when the vivacious and fertile mistletoe appeared in Christmas celebrations. And considering that Christmas used to be a rowdy and raucous time (we'll get to that history in a bit), dropping some of those proper social morals at Christmas time and stealing a kiss from that cutie you've had your eye on, seems to have caught on and lasted. So I guess this should say, "You don't have to be English to kiss under the mistletoe."
Saturnalia trees are a stretch
Oh, the Saturnalia. I have to wonder what my ancient Roman ancestors were up to on this most raucous of celebrations. A Mardi Gras like atmosphere is what I hear it was like! The dates have changed over time with days like the 17th of December being the start (under the Julian calendar used at the time, the Winter Solstice fell on Dec 25th). From one day, to three days to a full seven days business and state life closed down, certain societal morals were put aside, slaves could go where and say what they wanted and were even known to sit at the heads of their master's tables and be served by the family. Classical togas were set aside for more colorful clothing, citizens spent time socializing, gambling, singing, partying, playing music and feasting. It was a time to party down in Roman town!
Where do those greens come in though? Well, There's two different ways - agricultural and the New Year. Stay with me... this is a mish-mosh.
We now tend to focus on the Saturn of astrology, the great workhorse, the one who restricts, who keeps the time, who points you to the struggles you must go through and the work you must do. And this is all true of him in ancient Rome. However, he is also their god of agriculture. While it did vary in this Mediterranean area of the world, the sowing season starts in October and goes through January. So, by December 17th, the focus may have been in wrapping up that workhorse of a job. Just like those greens we hang now, the hanging of greens here is an act of sympathetic magic. We want to see the spring return. I imagine they wanted a successful growing season that would lead to the harvest.
Plus, this is ancient Rome. We have festivals all over the place on that calendar, or calendars, and one that fell in that same time frame was the celebration of the birth of Sol Invictus, the Invincible Sun, which I'll get to later. Around the corner from all this is the new Year celebrations of Kalends, celebrated on the same calendar day as we celebrate now. Again we see candles, greenery and gift giving. Are they specifically for the New Year or is it a continuation of celebrating Saturn? I don't know. But that's what was going on, and it makes it real obvious how these ancient celebrations bled into modern Christmas traditions.
So, while the ancient Roman holiday of the Saturnalia involved decorating with greens, to specifically say they put up trees is a stretch. Look into actual tree worship and Germany around the 16th century and you'll find the first trees at Christmas.
Odin, St. Nicholas, Sleipnir... no problems with that
I'm not sure I ever saw sagas or myths of Thor bringing gifts, but as the protector of humans, maybe he was a helper... like a Norse elf?
No. No. Do not perpetuate that. They had their elves and I doubt Thor wants to be equated with them regardless of whether they hail from Lightalfheim or Swartalfheim! ;)
Mithras and December 25th
This is one where I'm all... ehhhh. I mean yes, but also...
Above I talked about all the mish-mosh of Roman festivals and calendars. Many gods, many festivals. Many cults of gods. Some state recognized, some not. In this culture, like many ancient cultures, syncretism, or the blending of deities and traditions, is extremely common. Think temples to Isis-Artemis or Zeus-Ammon. Cultures and cults see similarities in their gods and over time lines blur. There's some blurring going on here with Mithras. I'm not about to write a dissertation here, because I never could, but he's the basic understanding I've learned.
Mithras and Sol Invictus, as well as Sol, are different deities. However, Mithras has an epithet Sol Invictus. An epithet is a word or a phrase depicting a quality or characteristic of a person, or in this case a deity. A familiar epithet for a goddess like Hekate is Chthonia or Lampadios or Enodia. This tells us we are specifically speaking to, or calling on, Hekate of the Underworld, the Lamp-bearer and of the Roads, or Crossroads, respectively. Going back to Mithras Sol Invictus, we see a blend of these deities but also a statement that Mithras has a quality of the Sun God.
Now, the December 25th issue. We see this lots of places (I blame that trash movie Zeitgeist for really kicking this as well as other exaggerations and total falsehoods into higher gear) where it's stated that Mithras was born on this date. However, the only record of Sol Invictus being born here is in the Calendar of Philocalus. Remember, Mithras and Sol Invictus are two different gods, and one being Mithras isn't even an official state cult (a cult like Pan's cult wasn't an official state cult either so we can say 'big deal' now, but keep your head in the ancient times for a second). There was no public face of this cult, unlike other mystery cults, so it had no ceremonies of it's own. Manfred Clauss, in Mithras: Kult and Mysterien wrote, "the Mithraic Mysteries had no public ceremonies of its own. The festival of natalis Invicti [Birth of the Unconquerable (Sun)], held on 25 December, was a general festival of the Sun, and by no means specific to the Mysteries of Mithras."
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Let me repeat that I totally get the sentiment of that meme above. I really do. In divided, stressful and xenophobic times like this, where we've seen the religions of our Muslim and Jewish neighbors become targets, I understand the desire to say. 'Hey, let's all just get along! We can share traditions!" I'm 1000% behind that sentiment.
However, I also want to do that without stretching the truth. Blame being a double Capricorn, ruled by Saturn twice over, just days away from my own Sol-ar return! I again picture those kids, or full on adults, coming to this path as newbies and spending time looking for that Scandinavian Fertility god Yule or claiming ancient Romans were putting up Saturnalia trees. We can point out of similarities without blurring the lines so much that they become untruths.
Let other witches be the witches they need to be/Real Witches Don't Burn Other Witches. They Teach Them How to Fly!/ When someone disagrees with you& demands you prove your point to their satisfaction by writing logically sound defense, you can save a lot of time not doing that"
Recently, the admin of Pagans and Wiccans of Indiana booted me from the group for commenting on this meme. I wrote, and I quote, "Nice... (but there's no Scandinavian Fertility Deity named Yule. ;) )
Her condescending comments were incredible, even though she later claimed it was me who was misunderstanding her. I love it when people call me "sister", too. Babe, we ain't sisters.
What was even better was her passive-aggressive post yesterday with the above memes and the statement of "Don't burn a witch because they have the wrong info, aren't practicing as you believe they should, or you just don't seem to agree with them. Move on or come to an admin. That's what we're here for."
This is mind-blowing. I guess what we do instead is boot a 20+ year practicing witch from a Facebook group for trying to point out an issue. That's some kick ass admin-ing right there!
This isn't gatekeeping, kids. This is education. This is honoring the past while respecting the modern tradition. I totally get that some people want to prescribe to the 'anything is witchcraft and I can do whatever I like" angle. If that's your way, you go for it! I respect that because it has nothing to do with my relationships or practice. You want to put up a Saturnalia tree and evoke Yule, the Scandinavian Fertility God, get on it! Just do it knowing that you aren't continuing ancient traditions but making new ones. I figured though that people would like to know that there's a total falsehood there. And while I don't have the receipts, I stayed completely respectful the entire time.
I suspect that someone's ego is bruised and this is how she's chosen to handle it.
Oh... and in case you were wondering, I got that old children's book pulled from the library. The librarians were so happy to know about those problems and asked me to write them all down along with a list of books to replace that one on their shelves. So I did. Michele Fox-Ferguson could take a few tips from those ladies.
* use all herbs, including mistletoe carefully. Read actual books on herbalism and be responsible my loves!